The submental flap: its uses as a pedicled or free flap for facial reconstruction

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

• The submental flap is presented as an alternative to traditional microsurgical flaps for reconstructing facial and intraoral defects.
• It is recognized for its simplicity and rapid elevation technique.

Observation:

• The flap provides a good match in color, texture, and contour.
• Its versatility and rotational arc facilitate extensive application in facial surgery.
• The pedicle is generally reliable, particularly when not utilized with a reverse flow.

Findings:

• Surgeons must be aware of potential venous valves in the facial system.
• Venous microsurgical anastomosis may be necessary if venous congestion threatens flap survival.
• The flap's location within a lymph node-rich area necessitates careful consideration for oncologic and traumatic cases to prevent cancer metastasis.

Implications:

• The submental flap is a valuable reconstructive tool for various facial defects.
• Understanding vascular anatomy and potential lymphatic involvement is crucial for successful application.
• Careful patient selection is advised, especially in cases involving tumors or trauma where lymph node spread is a concern.