The methanol extract of red algae, Dichotomaria obtusata, from Persian Gulf promotes in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; a biological and phytochemical study

Area of Science:

• Marine Biology
• Biotechnology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Osteoporosis is a significant age-related health issue.
• Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are crucial for bone regeneration.
• Marine algae are a potential source of therapeutic compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of Dichotomaria obtusata methanol extract on BMMSC osteogenic differentiation.
• To identify beneficial compounds within the algae extract.

Main Methods:

• Collection and extraction of Dichotomaria obtusata from the Persian Gulf.
• Assessment of osteogenic gene expression using real-time PCR.
• Evaluation of calcium deposition via Alizarin Red staining.
• Analysis of extract composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Main Results:

• The algae extract significantly upregulated key osteogenic genes, including Osteopontin and Osteocalcin.
• Increased calcium deposits and matrix mineralization were observed in treated BMMSCs.
• GC-MS analysis identified steroids and essential fatty acids in the extract.

Conclusions:

• Methanol extract of Dichotomaria obtusata demonstrates potential for in vitro osteoporosis prevention.
• The identified compounds may contribute to the observed osteogenic effects.