Motorcycle helmet selection and usage for improved safety: A systematic review on the protective effects of helmet type and fastening

Area of Science:

• Traumatology
• Road Safety Engineering
• Public Health

Background:

• Motorcycle helmets are crucial for reducing head injuries and fatalities in powered two-wheeler accidents.
• Despite their effectiveness, concerns persist regarding the correct use of helmets for optimal protection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review helmet design and usage characteristics that enhance rider safety.
• To provide evidence-based insights for improving end-user helmet utilization.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords related to motorcycles, riders, protective equipment, and injuries.
• 977 papers were screened, with 32 selected for in-depth analysis and group discussion.

Main Results:

• Full-face helmets demonstrated a positive impact on reducing head and facial injuries compared to other helmet types.
• Correct helmet fastening was consistently linked to reduced head and facial injuries and prevention of helmet ejection.

Conclusions:

• Proper helmet fastening is critical to prevent roll-off during motorcycle crashes.
• Full-face helmets offer superior protection, particularly for facial injuries, without negatively impacting neck or spinal safety.